An approximate expression proposed by Green predicts the maximum obtainable fill factor (FF) of a solar cell from its open-circuit voltage (Voc). The expression was originally suggested for silicon solar cells that behave according to a single-diode model and, in addition to Voc, it requires an ideality factor as input. It is now commonly applied to silicon cells by assuming a unity ideality fa...

Some binary lipid mixtures form coexisting liquid phases when spread at the air/water interface. This work describes the pressure-composition phase diagrams of binary mixtures of four unsaturated phosphatidylcholines with dihydrocholesterol. These four binary mixtures have critical compositions of approximately fifty mole percent, and average critical exponents of 0.25 +/- 0.07. The data can al...

Paradigmatic compressible one-dimensional flows provide insights regarding the loss mechanisms of fluid machinery components typical power and propulsion systems, like turbomachines heat exchangers. Their performance also depends on working fluid, thus, both molecular complexity thermodynamic state. Four flow configurations have been investigated, namely, Rayleigh Fanno flows, mixing two co-flo...

We investigate the thermodynamics of non-relativistic and relativistic ideal gases on the spacetime with noncommutative fuzzy geometry. We first find that the heat capacities of the non-relativistic ideal boson and fermion on the fuzzy two-sphere have different values, contrast to that on the commutative geometry. We calculate the “statistical interparticle potential” therein and interprete thi...

in this paper, we have used density functional perturbation theory (dfpt) and pseudo-potential method to calculate the phonon spectrum, phonon density of states (dos), specific heat capacity and mechanical properties of (5,5) armchair and (9,0) zigzag single wall carbon nanotubes (swcnts). our calculations show that young’s modulusfor (5,5) and (9,0) nanotubesare higher than 1tpa. we have also ...

Ethyl benzene used increasingly each year is the raw material of producing styrene monomer. This substanceis produced from benzene alkylation with ethylene or ethanol, depending on the availability and cost of rawmaterials. In this study benzene alkylation in the presence of ethanol in a catalytic fixed bed reactor inthree states of isotherm, adiabatic and non-isotherm-non-adiabatic is mathemat...