OBJECTIVES This study examined how ethanolamines (EAs) with the same functional alcohol group (HOCH(2)CH(2)), such as mono-EA (MEA), di-EA (DEA), and tri-EA (TEA), in water-based metalworking fluids (wbMWFs) are vaporized, condensed, and transformed by heat generated during metalworking. METHODS Two types of experimental apparatus were manufactured to achieve these objectives. RESULTS Vapor...

Wetcompression of a fuel aerosol has beenproposed as ameans of creating gas-phasemixtures of involatile diesel-representative fuels andoxidizer + diluent gases for rapid compressionmachine (RCM)experiments. The use of high concentration aerosols (e.g., 0.1 mLfuel/Lgas, 1 10 droplets/Lgas for stoichiometric fuel loading at ambient conditions) can result in droplet–droplet interactions which lead...

Force field parameters for polarizable coarse-grained (CG) supra-atomic models of liquid cyclohexane are proposed. Two different bead sizes were investigated, one representing two fine-grained (FG) CH(2)r united atoms of the cyclohexane ring, and one representing three FG CH(2)r united atoms. Electronic polarizability is represented by a massless charge-on-spring particle connected to each CG b...

Laser ablation is used in a growing number of applications in various areas including medicine, archaeology, chemistry, environmental and materials sciences. In this work the heat transfer and phase change phenomena during nanosecond laser ablation of a copper (Cu) target in a helium (He) background gas at atmospheric pressure are presented. An enthalpy model is outlined, which accounts for hea...

We show that planet formation via both gravitational collapse and core accretion is unlikely to occur in equal mass binary systems with moderate (∼ 50 AU) semimajor axes. Internal thermal energy generation in the disks is sufficient to heat the gas everywhere so that spiral structures quickly decay rather than grow or fragment. This same heating will inhibit dust coagulation because the tempera...

The fragmentation of multiply charged atomic sodium clusters of mass 200 is investigated using the Micro-canonical Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMMC) statistical technique for excitation energies up to 200 eV and for cluster charges up to +9e. In this work we present caloric curves and charged and uncharged fragment mass distributions for clusters with charges 0, 2, and 4. The caloric curves show a ...

The total heat of desorption of rice (Qt) was determined for several rice types as a function of moisture content (MC), and kernel temperature, using a semi-theoretical approach in which desorption isotherms were used in conjunction with the Clausius–Clapeyron equation. Qt decreased exponentially as MC increased, decreasing sharply for MCs above 15% and approaching the latent heat of vaporizati...