−− Time optimal monomer and reactor temperature set-point profiles were computed and implemented experimentally for the control of copolymer composition and minimization of reaction time in emulsion copolymerization systems. Iterative Dynamic Programming (IDP) was used for the offline calculation of the optimal profiles. This approach can deal with constrained optimization of systems described ...

This study investigated the preparation of stable conventional heavy crude oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions by mechanical homogenization with addition a non-ionic surfactant, Tween-20. A four-factor, five-level central composite design was carried out to investigate effects four independent variables, including mixing intensity (4,000–10,000 rpm), duration (5–45 min), water salinity (0–40 g/L), and...

Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) has been widely studied as an alternative method for amine absorption technology in the removal of acid gases such carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). However, searching stable ELM formulation with enhanced CO2 remains challenge. Therefore, this study, aqueous solution containing a mixture methyl diethanolamine (MDEA) 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP...

UNLABELLED The present study tested the hypothesis that intravascular micro bubbles generated by i.v. infusion of a 2 % dodecafluoropentane (DDFP) emulsion will enhance tissue denitrogenation during oxygen breathing. Eleven spontaneously breathing pentobarbital anesthetized pigs were studied. Six pigs were treated with 0.08 ml/kg of DDFP-emulsion infused over 30 min and five (control) pigs rece...

Emulsion polymerization reactions constitute complex, nonequilibrium systems in which there is strong interaction between polymers, monomers, and the colloidal structures that mediate the reactions. A novel and general method was sought to monitor emulsion polymerization reactions. Instrumentation and methods were hence developed here to achieve, for the first time, simultaneous monitoring of t...

Phase-change materials, such as meta-stable undercooled (supercooled) liquids, have been widely recognized as a suitable route for complex fabrication and engineering. Despite comprehensive studies on the undercooling phenomenon, little progress has been made in the use of undercooled metals, primarily due to low yields and poor stability. This paper reports the use of an extension of droplet e...

OBJECTIVE The research of adjuvants is a hot topic in vaccinology. In this paper, we were seeking a concise method to produce a stable and effective emulsion adjuvant. METHODS A novel emulsion [Well Adjuvant Formulation 3 (WAF3)] was produced by adding additional glycerol and using a timely cooling process. Surface morphology analysis of the novel emulsion was performed by atomic force micros...

This research aims at providing evidence of particle suspension contributions to emulsion stability, which has been cited as a contributing factor in crude oil recovery by low-salinity waterflooding. Kaolinite and silica particle dispersions were characterized as functions of brine salinity. A reference aqueous phase, representing reservoir brine, was used and then diluted with distilled water ...

BACKGROUND IV delivery of volatile fluorinated anesthetics has a number of potential advantages when compared with the current inhalation method of administration. We reported previously that the IV delivery of sevoflurane can be achieved through an emulsion composed of a linear fluorinated diblock copolymer, a stabilizer, and the anesthetic. However, this original emulsion was subject to parti...