in this work, sio2 –zro2 mixed oxides was prepared by the polymeric sol–gel route. the characterization of pore structure, which determines the permeation process of membrane, is of great importance. so far, most investigations have focused on such pore structure as specific surface area and pore size distribution, but the surface fractal, the important parameter reflecting the roughness of por...

the limitation of energy resources and its considerable consumption growth in iran has doubled the necessity of optimization and conservation of energy in the country compared to the average consumption rate of energy in the world and also because of high consumption rate's adverse effects in the environment. heating systems are among the main consumers of energy and using a high efficienc...

thermal recovery involves well-known processes such as steam injection (cyclic steam stimulation, steam drive, and steam-assisted gravity drainage), in situ combustion, and a more recent technique that consists of heating the reservoir with electrical energy. when high frequency is used for heating, it is called electromagnetic (em) heating. the applications of em heating for heavy-oil reservoi...

Large amounts of energy are wasted due to unnecessary space heating in residential buildings, i.e. by heating rooms (or whole dwellings) even though residents do not occupy them. Several studies have shown that the major reason for this behaviour is the poor usability and understanding of current heating controls. For that reason, most people also prefer to adapt their thermal comfort by changi...

In situ measurements of ion charge states can provide unique insight into the heating and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) when tested against realistic non-equilibrium ionization modeling. In this work, we investigate the representation of the CME magnetic field as an expanding spheromak configuration, where the plasma heating is prescribed by the choice of anomalous resistivity and ...

High-voltage positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heaters have a high heating capacity and are fast acting; thus, they function as the actual main heating equipment in electric cars, and considerable research is devoted to improving their heating performance and efficiency. We evaluated the heating performance of a high-voltage PTC heater for an electric car by building a closed-loop-type tes...

The primary energy consumption in residential buildings is determined by the envelope thermal characteristics, air change, outside climatic data, users’ behaviour and the adopted heating system and its control. The new Italian regulations strongly suggest the installation of centralized boilers in renovated buildings with more than four apartments. This work aims to investigate the differences ...