Despite the aggressive policy goals aiming to transition heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) toward zero-emission technologies, penetration rates of or even alternative fuel technologies (including and other fuels cleaner than petroleum) are still very low. Given that majority HDVs used as fleet vehicles, a better understanding operator behavior perspectives on clean is crucial develop effective demand-...

This paper describes the development of a robotic heavy duty lawn mower provided with a rich set of sensors which initially provide tele-operation mode capabilities but will support extension towards full autonomy via an intermediate mode termed teleautonomous to reflect a multilevel control structure which permits graceful withdrawal of human guidance as the development proceeds.