Plant remains from archaeological sites reflect many aspects of the relationship between people, plants, and the environment in which they lived. Plant macroremains—seeds and wood that are visible without a microscope—can address a wide range of questions. The most basic include what crops were grown? What was used for fuel? Do any of the plants come from distant lands? Examples from fourth and...

Iran has a rich civilization and a long history during which medical science flourished at specific periods. For instance, medicine blossomed in Sassanids era (226 - 652 AD). One of the most remarkable cultural and scientific centers of Sassanids era was the city of Gondishapur located in the south-west Iran in Shah-Abad near Susa in Khuzestan Province. The city was rebuilt in the third century...

The life cycle of the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii requires that an infectious cyst develop and be maintained throughout the life of the host. The molecules displayed on the parasite surface are important in controlling the immune response to the parasite. T. gondii has a superfamily of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface antigens, termed the surface antigen (SAG) and...

In this study, we compared cross-bred dairy cows in the Susa Valley (Piedmont, northern Italy), reared either near a high-temperature steel production plant (Farms A and B) or in an industry-free area (control). Exposed cows (n = 36) were selected based on mean bulk milk toxic equivalent values of polychlorodibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and dioxin-like (DL) polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorodib...

27. A. Iida, T. Nakamoto, H. Susa, Icarus 153, 430 (2001). 28. F. H. Shu, H. Shang, A. E. Glassgold, T. Lee, Science 277, 1475 (1997). 29. F. J. Ciesla, Science 318, 613 (2007). 30. D. E. Brownlee et al., 39th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. abstract 1978; www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2008/pdf/ 1978.pdf (2008). 31. K. D. McKeegan et al., 39th Lunar Planet. Sci. Conf. abstract 2020; www.lpi.usra.edu/m...

Just over 5,000 years ago, the earliest cities flourished in Mesopotamia and western Iran. One explanation that has been considered is that making these areas with their seasonal alternations of flooding and drought amenable to agriculture required a complex infrastructure for water retention and irrigation. Thus, only a critical mass of workforce and a certain level of organisation could make ...

Extensions of superscaling from relativistic mean field theory: The SuSAv2 model. Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. We present a systematic analysis ...

NGIOSPERM gametogenesis, particularly on the male side, is highly susA ceptible to disturbance by either environment o r genotype. Exemplary of environmental agents, sodium a,P-dichloroisobutyrate disrupts pollen development, the effect being sufficiently specific and complete to warrant use of this chemical for purposes of emasculation (EATON 1957). Instances of genetic control are commonplace...

Discoveries concerning the important roles of glycoconjugates in a variety of biological processes have led to an increased demand for efficient synthetic methodologies adaptable for their large-scale production.1 Compared to chemical synthesis, an enzymatic approach utilizing glycosyltransferases has been proven more efficient in the production of complex carbohydrates.2 Despite the increasing...