Viral hepatitis today is a major global health threat, in particular hepatitis B if unchecked can turn into an epidemic. Hepatitis B infection is particularly important in the AsianPacific region with the majority of infections being acquired perinatally or in early childhood.Concurrent infections with hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV viruses may occur and complicate the natural course of chron...

In 1988, it was reported that the full nucleotide sequences of 18 hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains clustered into four genetic groups (A to D) with more than 8% divergence between the groups. This classification of strains in terms of genome sequence has since proven to be an important tool in the understanding of HBV epidemiology and evolution and has been expanded to include three more genotyp...

Aim: Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicate in the liver and show resistance against innate immunity and interferon (IFN) treatment. Whether 45 there is interference between these two viruses is still controversial. We investigated the interference between these two viruses and the mode of resistance against IFN. Methods: We performed infection experiments of either ...

Hepatitis B virus is estimated to have infected 350 million individuals globally, accounting for over 500 000 deaths each year. An effective and widely available vaccine provides protection from infection, but treatment is rarely curative. Recent developments in antiviral treatment have brought the opportunity for greatly improved management of those chronically infected with hepatitis B virus,...

background and aims: torque teno virus (ttv) is a dna virus that isolated from the serum of a japanese patient without a-g transfusion-transmitted hepatitis and other etiology. ttv is detectable in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, different body fluids and secretions such as stools, saliva, semen, vaginal fluid. the genome exhibits high diversity that has enabled the determination...

Overview Pregnancy is generally considered to be an immunosuppressed state; however, the impact of pregnancy on mothers with viral hepatitis (Table 1) and the impact of viral hepatitis on fetuses/infants (Table 2) are not the same for all types of hepatitis. Pregnant women with acute hepatitis due to hepatitis E virus (HEV) or herpes simplex virus (HSV) have an increased risk of acute liver fai...

Introduction and Aim: Kyrgyzstan is one of the most focused countries in WHO European Region for acute viral hepatitis. The objective this study to evaluate etiology, clinical laboratory characteristics, outcomes patients with Materials Methods: This a prospective conducted on 122 hepatitis at our hospital from March 2017 June 2020. diagnosis was based standard case definition: sudden onset sym...

Lymphoma is a common hematological malignancy. Hepatitis viruses, especially hepatitis B and hepatitis C, are known risk factors for development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. However, there are a number of patients with hepatitis in whom no virus can be identified and it was therefore postulated that there may be other agents which may be causing hepatitis. Many new hepatitis viruses have indeed be...

Mortality rates for fulminant hepatic failure range between 50% and 90%. Several independent factors influence survival: age, etiology, depth and duration of the encephalopathy, and prevention of complications. The main causes of fulminant hepatic failure are hepatotropic viruses, adverse drug effects, and toxins (Table 1). All major hepatotropic viruses can induce fulminant hepatic failure. We...