background: cutaneous manifestations are commonly observed in the neonatal period. it is important to differentiate physiologic skin lesions from pathologic ones to avoid parents’ concerns. regarding this, the current study aimed to investigate the frequency and localization of salmon patch (sp) and mongolian spot (ms) in iranian newborns to assess the potential relationship between the neonata...

Among the many kinds of respiratory infectious diseases caused by viruses, influenza is thought to be one of the most important factors affecting human social life. Since 1980, we have continued surveillance on influenza epidemiology among children in part of a thickly inhabited area of Tokyo Metropolis, around Kamata in Ota Ward. Influenza epidemics occurred every winter in this surveillance p...

We argue that the knee in the cosmic ray spectrum at energies E > ∼ 10 15.5 eV is due to “new physics”, namely to a channel in the high energy ( > ∼ TeV in the CM) proton interactions hitherto unaccounted for in estimating the energies of the air shower cosmic rays. The new interaction transfers part of the primary particle’s energy to modes which do not trigger the experimental arragement (neu...

For the first time in over 100 years, there is a revolution in surgical education. One of the most important core technologies generating this revolution is simulation science, which includes not only the technology of simulators but new curricula, objective assessment methods, and criterion-based requirements. By reviewing the current status of simulation and making comparisons with the emergi...

Here we report a novel approach for preparation of a 6-day transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) as treatment for mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. The spray drying method was used to prepare microparticles containing the anti-Alzheimer drug. The content of the drug was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The morphology and size range of the microparticles ...