Gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) are serious issue for health of wild sheep kept in captivity. Chemically synthesized anthelmintics regularly used to control these parasites. In recent years anthelmintic resistance and remnant drugs animal products leads use medicinal plants as alternative anthelmintics. current study, the efficacy aqueous, methanolic ethanolic dried leaf extracts Moringa olei...

Here we review molecular information related to resistance to the cholinergic anthelmintics in nematodes. The amount of molecular information available varies between the nematode species, with the best understood so far being C. elegans. More information is becoming available for some other parasitic species. The cholinergic anthelmintics act on nematode nicotinic acetylcholine receptors locat...

matter is still one which has not been satisfactorily solved. The qualities to be sought in an anthelmintic are (1) safety for the patient; (2) effectiveness in expelling worms; (3) simplicity of administration on a large scale; (4) lack of unpleasantness in taking or in after effects; and (5) cheapness. No anthelmintic can be expected to reach perfection in any one of these attributes; the pro...

BACKGROUND The intensive use of anthelmintics for the control of helminthic infections has resulted in the development of anthelmintic resistance, which has become a major practical problem in many countries. A variety of tests are available to monitor anthelmintic resistance but most of them are expensive, laborious and time consuming and therefore unpractical for large field surveys. The main...

Idiosyncracies are observed in captive wild animals as regards the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of anthelmintics. This could be attributed to such factors as differences in host's metabolism, irregular distribution of anthelmintics due to the way they are administered and worm resistance to anthelmintics. Previously mebendazole was found to be poorly effective when administered in feed. An exp...

Anthelmintics, veterinary medicines for the control of endoparasites, enter into the environment largely through faeces of the treated animals. Sheep dung is a patchily distributed, ephemeral resource, with a functionally important decomposer community. The nature of this community and the pharmacokinetics of anthelmintics in sheep mean that the ecotoxic impacts of these drugs in sheep dung may...

The prevalence of resistance to broad-spectrum anthelmintics among veterinary helminths has dramatically increased and has evolved from a scientific curiosity into a serious crisis facing small ruminant production in many countries. It also poses a veritable threat to other livestock and human helmiths. Both the molecular mechanisms of action and mechanisms of resistance of anthelmintics are po...

Monepantel is a member of the recently identified class of anthelmintics known as the amino-acetonitrile derivatives (AADs). Monepantel controls all major gastro-intestinal nematodes in sheep including those that are resistant to the classical anthelmintics. Previous studies have shown that the Caenorhabditis elegans acr-23 and the Haemonchus contortus Hco-mptl-1 genes may be prominent targets ...