BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of voluntary wheel running on the positive reinforcing effects of heroin in rats with an established history of drug self-administration. METHODS Rats were assigned to sedentary (no wheel) and exercise (wheel) conditions and trained to self-administer cocaine under positive reinforcement contingencies. Rats acquiring cocaine self...

BACKGROUND Prisoners have extremely high rates of smoking with rates 3-4 times higher than the general community. Many prisoners have used heroin. The aims of this study were to investigate the impact of heroin use on smoking cessation and the social determinants of health among prisoners. METHODS Secondary analysis of data from a randomised controlled trial of a multi-component smoking cessa...

OBJECTIVE To compare HCV and HIV infection among heroin addicts in MMT and not in MMT in two large cities in central China. METHODS A total of 541 heroin addicts were recruited from MMT clinics and voluntary detoxification centers in Changsha and Wuhan, China. Structured questionnaires collected data on their socio-demographics, clinical status, risk behaviors, and their knowledge of HIV. The...

BACKGROUND Several types of medications have been used for stabilizing heroin users: Methadone, Buprenorphine and levo-alpha-acetyl-methadol (LAAM.) The present review focuses on the prescription of heroin to heroin-dependent individuals. OBJECTIVES To compare heroin maintenance to methadone or other substitution treatments for opioid dependence regarding: efficacy and acceptability, retainin...

Planning function deficit is the most consistent finding in neuropsychological studies of heroin addicts. The performance on the Tower of London Test (TLT) correlated with the duration of daily heroin abuse (DDHA) in our previous study. Alpha2 mean frequency in anterior/central derivations was also predicted by DDHA in the same patient population. This retrospective study was undertaken in orde...

AIMS To use cognitive modelling to investigate psychological processes underlying decision-making in male abstinent heroin misusers (AHMs). DESIGN A case-control study design. SETTING A drug misuse treatment centre in Taiwan. PARTICIPANTS Eighty-eight male AHMs and 48 male controls. MEASUREMENTS Four parameters representing the attention to wins, learning rate, response sensitivity and ...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this secondary analysis was to explore differences in baseline clinical characteristics and opioid replacement therapy treatment outcomes by type (heroin, opioid analgesic [OA], or combined [heroin and OA]) and route (injector or non-injector) of opioid use. METHOD A total of 1,269 participants (32.2% female) were randomized to receive one of two study medications (...

Neuroimaging studies have reported reduced activity in a broad network of brain regions during response inhibition in heroin-dependent patients. However, how heroin in an acute dose modulates the neural correlates of response inhibition and the underlying brain connectivity has not yet been investigated. In this double-blind placebo-controlled study, we used functional magnetic resonance imagin...

Previous studies provide evidence for the selective processing of disorder related stimuli on anxiety, depression, and eating disorders. There exist some preliminary indications that selective processing of drug cues may be involved in drug craving and relapse that deserve further investigation. In order to investigate the role of processing bias in an abnormal motivational system, the attentio...