Tissue destruction by thermal ablation occurs when the targeted delivery of heat or cold causes a rapid change in temperature (>55°C for heat or <−20–50°C for cold) in the local tissue environment. Imaging can be used to localize and target the thermal effects to the target/tumor for treatment, control the energy deposition, and assess treatment response. Therapeutic applications of ultrasound ...

Background/introduction Non-invasive ablation and hyperthermia treatments of abdominal organs using High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) still impose severe challenges. Especially for liver and kidney treatments, the target motion and accessibility over the entire respiratory cycle make the application of HIFU difficult. To allow for a safe, effective, and efficient treatment, detailed plan...

Considerable progress has been achieved in the use of infrared (IR) techniques for qualitative mapping of acoustic fields of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducers. The authors have previously developed and demonstrated a method based on IR camera measurement of the temperature rise induced in an absorber less than 2 mm thick by ultrasonic bursts of less than 1 s duration. The goa...

PURPOSE In ultrasound-guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, the target tissue (such as a tumor) often moves and/or deforms in response to an external force. This problem creates difficulties in treating patients and can lead to the destruction of normal tissue. In order to solve this problem, we present a novel method to model and predict the movement and deformation of the t...

The acoustic fields of a high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) transducer operating either at its fundamental (1.1 MHz) or third harmonic (3.3 MHz) frequency were measured by a fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH). At 1.1 MHz when the electric power applied to the transducer was increased from 1.6 to 125 W, the peak positive/negative pressures at the focus were measured to be p(+) = 1.7-23.3 ...

PURPOSE To develop and validate a computational model that simulates (1) tissue heating with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), and (2) resulting hyperthermia-mediated drug delivery from temperature-sensitive liposomes (TSL). MATERIALS AND METHODS HIFU heating in tissue was simulated using a heat transfer model based on the bioheat equation, including heat-induced cessation of perfusio...

Formaldehyde fixatives have traditionally been used to preserve tissues as they impart excellent morphological preservation. Formaldehyde fixes tissue by cross linking, a process which can reduce the antigenicity of tissue and weakens the intensity of immunohistochemical stains. Preliminary studies have shown that Histochoice tissue fixative offers equal or greater staining intensity than neutr...

OBJECTIVE In Football the ability to repeat bouts of high intensity exercise over prolonged period of time is considered to be an important component of performance (Barbero Álvarez et al., 2004). Recently a match-analysis derived test (Football Intermittent Endurance Test, FIET) has been introduced to assess specific-endurance in Football (Barbero Álvarez et al., 2005). However no research has...