The goal of this chapter is to develop a taxonomy of decentralisation measures and how they are related to each other. In addition to introducing a common language for the different strands of literature, this taxonomy is instrumental for studying the outcomes of decentralisation. Using cross-state data from the United States, we show that aggregating distinct dimensions of fiscal decentralisat...

Factorization machines (FMs) are a supervised learning approach that can use second-order feature combinations even when the data is very high-dimensional. Unfortunately, despite increasing interest in FMs, there exists to date no efficient training algorithm for higher-order FMs (HOFMs). In this paper, we present the first generic yet efficient algorithms for training arbitrary-order HOFMs. We...

The majority of real-world networks are dynamic and extremely large (e.g., Internet Traffic, Twitter, Facebook, ...). To understand the structural behavior of nodes in these large dynamic networks, it may be necessary to model the dynamics of behavioral roles representing the main connectivity patterns over time. In this paper, we propose a dynamic behavioral mixed-membership model (DBMM) that ...

In axiomatic way, in fuzzy setting, we introduce the measure of crispness and the measure of conditional clearness. For these measures we propose a functional form. Then, for the last measure, we give some aggregation operators. Keywords— Aggregation operators, functional equations, fuzzy sets, measures of fuzziness, crispness measures, conditional crispness.

We present a method of producing normal subgroups of the free group on r generators not containing a given word. Special attention is given to the normal subgroups of the free group on two generators. In considering the exponent sum of the generators in a given word, we produce such subgroups and clearly state for what class of words these subgroups are not easily obtainable. We also provide a ...

Entrepreneurship education has been high on the European agenda during the last ten years. Many countries, among them Norway, have launched action plans to promote entrepreneurship education. The aim of the plan is to foster innovative and entrepreneurial skills, and to encourage more young persons to establish their own enterprises. This paper is based on a survey among higher education (HE) g...

It is the aim of this paper to advocate the use of functor categories as a semantic foundation of higher-order abstract syntax (HOAS). By way of example, we will show how functor categories can be used for at least the following applications: relating first-order and higher-order abstract syntax (proofs of adequacy) without using reduction rules, justifying induction principles and other axioms...

In this paper we maximize the utility of a structural model of the demand for multi-destination non-work travel using maximum entropy method introduced by Shanon. A utility value is assigned when only partial information is available about the decision maker’s preferences. The maximum entropy utility solution embeds a large family of utility functions that includes the most commonly used functi...

It is shown that in the estimation of an arbitrary signal corrupted by additive Gaussian noise, the optimum minimum-variance estimator is always a simple linear transformation of the logarithmic gradient of the average likelihood ratio which is obtained in the optimum detection of the same signal. Conversely, the average likelihood ratio can always be expressed in a simple functional form conta...