The battle between email service providers and senders of mass unsolicited emails (Spam) continues to gain traction. Vast numbers of Spam emails are sent mainly from automatic botnets distributed over the world. One method for mitigating Spam in a computationally efficient manner is fast and accurate blacklisting of the senders. In this work we propose a new sender reputation mechanism that is ...

Large archives of historical meteorological data offer novel opportunities for weather forecasting and meteorological research. However, effective exploitation of such an archive is impeded by the logistics of managing large volumes of data and the difficulty of identifying relevant data. MetVUW Workbench is a case retriever that allows meteorologists to identify relevant past weather situation...

Historical droughts in Mediterranean regions during the last 500 years: a data/model approach S. Brewer, S. Alleaume, J. Guiot, and A. Nicault CEREGE, CNRS/Université Paul Cézanne UMR 6635, BP 80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex, France Centre d’Etudes Nordiques, Université Laval, Ste Foy, Québec GlK7P4, Canada Received: 31 March 2006 – Accepted: 4 September 2006 – Published: 12 September 2006 Corr...

In this paper we examine the connection between two areas of semantics, namely the semantics of historical databases and the semantics of natural language querying, and link them together via a common view of the semantics of time. Since the target application domain is an historical database, we present the essential features of the Historical Relational Database Model (HRDM), an extension to ...

This paper shows that the stabilization of the unemployment rate-between the pre-1930 and post-1948 eras is an artifact of improvements in data collection procedures. Prewar methods are used to construct postwar unemployment data that are consistent with the historical data. The constructed postwar series is nearly as volatile as the pre-1930 unemployment data. The constructed postwar data are ...

Introduction Conclusions References

SIR,-Lest some of your younger readers may assume that the bibliography appended to Pascheff's interesting article on Parinalid's conjunctivitis and its relation to Pascheff's bacillus infectiosa necroticans (Brit. Ji. of Ophthal., January, 1924) has any pretensions to completeness it may be worth while to note that beside the ten articles mentioned, there must be at least fifty others on the s...

The Protein Data Bank began as a grassroots effort in 1971. It has grown from a small archive containing a dozen structures to a major international resource for structural biology containing more than 40000 entries. The interplay of science, technology and attitudes about data sharing have all played a role in the growth of this resource.

Seasonal variation in smallpox transmission is one of the most pressing ecological questions and is relevant to bioterrorism preparedness. The present study reanalyzed 7 historical datasets which recorded monthly cases or deaths. In addition to time series analyses of reported data, an estimation and spectral analysis of the effective reproduction number at calendar time t, R(t), were made. Met...

Large repositories of historical data about the natural world present novel opportunities to assist decision makers and problem solvers. Past cases or scenarios that are similar to a problem of current interest can often provide valuable insights or suggest solutions to the problem. We are constructing a case retrieval system that is intended to give meteorologists fast access to relevant past ...