heretofore several position-based routing protocols have been developed for mobile ad hoc networks. many of these protocols assume that a location service is available which provides location information on the nodes in the network.our solutions decrease location update without loss of query success rate or throughput and even increase those.simulation results show that our methods are effectiv...

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) is an important component of intelligent transportation systems, in which vehicles are equipped with on-board computing and communication devices which enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Consequently, with regard to larger communication due to the greater number of vehicles, stability of connectivity would be a challenging problem. Clustering technique as ...