The integrating sphere is used in photometry to h.measure total luminous flux. In a sphere with a diffusely reflecting coating, the illuminance by reflected > light is approximately the same at all points on the sphere surface and is proportional to the total flux emitted by the lamp. This reflected light is measured at a point on the sphere surface which is shielded from the direct rays of the...

free surface sloshing of liquid in a rectangular tank induced by lateral excitation has been studied numericallyand experimentally in this paper. the numerical simulation is carried out based on the volume of fluid (vof) method that provides free surface extraction in such problem. a tank with transparent walls is used to free surface tracking in experimental study while the movement amplitude ...

The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technology is analyzed and calculated utilizing the turbulence model multiphase flow to explore performance of internal circulating fluidized beds (ICFB) based on CFD. three-dimensional simulation method can study hydrodynamic properties ICFB, bed optimized. fluidization ICFB improved through experimental cross-shaped baffle. Then, baffle funnel-shaped pla...

introduction patients with palliated congenital heart disease may present later in life for major, non-cardiac surgical procedures. although alternative surgical techniques are now available for the treatment of the transposition of the great arteries (tga), an atrial level baffle (mustard or senning procedure) was previously performed. long-term adverse effects of the atrial level switch inclu...

In this article, mixed convection heat transfer of alumina-water nanofluid in an inclined and baffled C-shape enclosure is studied. It is assumed that the flow is laminar and steady. There is no energy production, energy storage and viscous heat dissipation. Furthermore, the nanofluid is considered as a continuous, Newtonian and incompressible fluid. Governing equations are discretized by finit...

Three-wave turbulent interactions and the role of eddy size on the turbulent electromotive force are studied in a spherical liquid-sodium dynamo experiment. A symmetric, equatorial baffle reduces the amplitude of the largest-scale turbulent eddies, which is inferred from the magnetic fluctuations spectrum (measured by a 2D array of surface probes). Differential rotation in the mean flow is >2 t...

The modal low frequency noise generated by a vibrating elastically supported circular plate embedded into a flat infinite baffle has been examined. The main aim of this study is the analysis of the radiation efficiency. Low frequency approximated formulas have been presented. They are valid for all the limiting boundary conditions of the plate with its edge clamped, guided, simply supported or ...