UNLABELLED To fabricate high-performance metal-halide perovskite solar cells, a thermal annealing process is indispensable in preparing high quality perovskite film. And usually such annealing is performed on hot plate. However hot-plate annealing could cause problems such as inhomogeneous heating (induced by non-tight contact between the sample and the plate), it is also not fit for large scal...

Thermal modeling of an automotive cabin was performed in this paper to predict the inside cabin air temperature. To implement this task, thermal and ventilation loads were estimated and the mass and energy balance conservation equations for dry air and water vapor with considering a new parameter (air circulation ratio) as well as the balance equations of internal components of a cabin were de...

The hot-air/hot-steam process was used for the first time as a combined pre-pressing and pre-heating system for the production of medium-density fiberboards (MDF) at the pilot scale. Pre-heating systems are designed to pre-heat fiber mats before pressing by hot-presses. Using such techniques, pressing times are reduced significantly and the board properties are influenced positively; both are e...

To assess the ability of the nose to warm and humidify inhaled air, we developed a nasopharyngeal probe and measured the temperature and humidity of air exiting the nasal cavity. We delivered cold, dry air (19-1 degrees C, <10% relative humidity) or hot, humid air (37 degrees C, >90% relative humidity) to the nose via a nasal mask at flow rates of 5, 10, and 20 l/min. We used a water gradient a...

drying is one of the most important steps in raisin processing. during this step, initial moisture content decreases up to 15-17% (db) for suitable storage. achieving optimum drying conditions can affect the processing time and improve raisin quality. temperature, air velocity and pretreatment are important factors in the quality of the grape drying process. in this research, the effect of temp...

introduction: one of the most important aspects of food preservation is controlling the moisture of material such as fruits.dryingis considered as important method to controlbacteriasafely using reduction of moisture. the hot air drying method has been widely adopted in manufacturing of conventional dried food.nowadays, infrared radiation (ir) has significant advantages over conventional drying...

There is a demand for reduced power consumption in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Coefficient of performance of window-air conditioners considerably decreases and power consumption increases under very hot conditions. These problems have encouragecl studies aimed at improving the performance of window-air-conditioners by enhancing the heat transfer rate in the condenser. In this ar...

There is a demand for reduced power consumption in the vapor compression refrigeration cycle. Coefficient of performance of window-air conditioners considerably decreases and power consumption increases under very hot conditions. These problems have encouragecl studies aimed at improving the performance of window-air-conditioners by enhancing the heat transfer rate in the condenser. In this ar...

This paper reports on an experimental investigation on the effects of air gap, wind and walking motion on the thermal properties of traditional Arabian thawbs and Chinese cheongsams. Total thermal resistance (It) and vapour resistance (Re) were measured using the sweating fabric manikin – ‘Walter’, and the air gap volumes of the garments were determined by a 3D body scanner. The results showed ...