The increasing demand for sufficient and clean energy forces industrial and service companies to align their strategies towards efficient consumption. This trend refers also to the residential building sector. There, large amounts of energy consumption are caused by house and facility heating. Many of the operated hot water heating systems lack hydraulic balanced working conditions for heat dis...

A self-consistent analytical description is presented for collisionless expansion of a fully ionized cluster with a two-component electron distribution. The problem is solved for an initial “water-bag” distribution of hot electrons with no angular momentum, which reflects the mechanism of electron heating. This distribution evolves in time due to adiabatic cooling of hot electrons. The solution...

OBJECTIVE Therapeutic ultrasound is an effective deep heating modality commonly applied alone or after cooling or heating of the treatment area. The purpose of this study was to examine the tissue temperature rise in the human triceps surae muscle group after ultrasound with prior heating via a silicate gel hot pack. DESIGN AND SETTING This study was designed as a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial with rep...

this paper modeled heating air of a room through examining free convection in a 3d chamber. the chamber had cold and hot sources with tc and th temperatures, respectively. its other walls were adiabatic. this study aimed at predicting effect of temperature difference, displacement of hot and cold sources and their aspect ratio on flow field, temperature and heat transfer rate. to conduct the st...

The Pastormaster method consists of heating the water of hospital distribution systems at a specific point to a sufficient temperature for a minimum amount of time to eradicate legionella. The object of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Pastormaster method for legionella disinfection in a hospital environment. A two-phase procedure was performed: hydraulic optimization of the ...

With regard to water scarcity in many parts of the world as well as the energy used for water heating in countries where water is abundant, the use of ICT for providing feedback and promoting (hot) water conservation has gained increasing attention. Insights into how consumers can be motivated to adopt technological feedback devices and intensify their water conservation efforts at home are cru...

Heat-carrier heating device is an important part of biomass pyrolysis oil equipment. In particular, the application of vertical heat-carrier heating device can improve the rate of biomass pyrolysis. In this article, we will analyze the vertical carrier heating device based on FLUENT software and model the temperature field and velocity field of hot gas and carrier so as to draw a conclusion tha...

Buildings consume approximately 4 of the total electricity generated in the United States, contributing significantly to fossil fuel emissions. Sustainable and renewable energy production can reduce fossil fuel use, but necessitates storage for energy reliability in order to compensate for the intermittency of renewable energy generation. Energy storage is critical for success in developing a s...

System cost reductions and development of standardised plug-and-function systems are some of the most important goals for solar heating technology development. Retrofitting hot water boilers in single-family houses when installing solar collectors has the potential to significantly reduce both material and installation costs. In this study, the TRNSYS simulation models of the retrofitting solar...