OBJECTIVES There were mainly two objectives of the study. One was to detect bacteriuria in school going children in Pokhara valley and the other was to identify the causative organisms in various age groups in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of The School of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Simalchaur, Pokhara University, Nepal....

Circadian clocks attune the physiology of virtually all living organisms to the diurnal cycles of their environments. In metazoan animals, multiple sensory input pathways have been linked to clock synchronization with the environmental cycle (entrainment). Extrinsic entrainment cues include light and temperature. We show that (12-hour:12-hour) cycles of vibration and silence (VS) are sufficient...

The optimal dosing of intravenous tobramycin for treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has not been completely delineated. We performed a retrospective study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of once daily dosing (ODD) of IV tobramycin compared to twice daily dosing (TDD). Fifty-nine and 44 patients were included in the ODD and TDD g...

Polar regions have experienced significant warming in recent decades. Warming has been most pronounced across the Arctic Ocean Basin and along the Antarctic Peninsula, with significant decreases in the extent and seasonal duration of sea ice. Rapid retreat of glaciers and disintegration of ice sheets have also been documented. The rate of warming is increasing and is predicted to continue well ...

Charles Darwin would be pleased to know that elementary school children in states have adopted the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are expected demonstrate their understanding of several core evolutionary concepts, including trait variation and inheritance, fossils extinct organisms, common ancestry, natural selection, adaptation. However, he might also wonder how this is accomplished ...

dna barcoding is a new term introduced in to scientific literatures by hebert and coworkers almost a decade ago. the concept of barcoding alone is well-known to the public: a series of black bars printed on many commercial products (universal product code), which are used to distinguish different products. advances made in molecular biology and molecular techniques late 20th century e.g. sequen...

Escherichia coli has been cultivated in a peptone water medium saturated continuously with nitrogen by use of a gas train so as to produce anaerobic conditions. Under these circumstances growth was greatly inhibited. Cultures which originally contained 11 million bacteria per cc. showed on the average only 32 million after 5 hours (as compared with 655 million in similar cultures saturated with...