introduction: direct cash payments are the principal sources of health care finance in most countries. health services may impose a regressive cost burden on households, especially in developing countries. the purpose of this study was to calculate households encountered with catastrophic healthcare expenditures in qazvin, iran. methods: the statistical society included 100 household equaled to...

This study measures the monetary value households place on preventing malaria in Tigray, Ethiopia. We estimate a household demand function for a hypothetical malaria vaccine and compute the value of preventing malaria as the household’s maximum willingness to pay to provide vaccines for all family members. This is contrasted with the traditional costs of illness (medical costs and lost producti...

OBJECTIVES To identify and quantify the direct and indirect economic cost of treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) with conventional Amphotericin B deoxycholate, currently the first-line treatment in Muzaffarpur. METHODS Costs of patient management for VL were estimated from a societal and household perspective by means of a questionnaire designed for this study, interviews and financial ...

Rising landfill costs have forced solid waste managers to consider waste streamreduction alternativessuch as household recycling. Explaining the factors which motivate households to recycle is important to regions where households must bear a large portion of the recycling cost because unit-based garbage disposal fees and curbside recycling are not feasible options. Empirical results indicate t...

background: to test if social support and ethnicity mediate/moderate the association between religion involvement and subjective health in the united states. methods: this is a secondary analysis of national survey of american life, 2003. hierarchical regression was fit to a national household probability sample of adult african americans ( n = 3570), caribbean blacks ( n = 1621), and whites ( ...

BACKGROUND Obesity can be considered a global public health problem that affects virtually all countries worldwide and results in greater use of healthcare services and higher healthcare costs. We aimed to describe average monthly household medicine expenses according to source of funding, public or private, and to estimate the influence of the presence of obese residents in households on total...

BACKGROUND While previous studies have evaluated caregivers' quality of life (QOL), burnout, and stress amongst across a variety of chronic illnesses, few such studies have been related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Caregivers accompanying adult patients with IBD at 6 tertiary centers were enrolled. They completed self-administered surveys related to QOL and burden, including t...

We explore the characteristics of households and villages in which orphans are resident in two areas of Malawi. We first review pertinent themes in qualitative data collected in our research sites. Then, using spatial analysis, we show how positive and negative clusters of orphans - which we term orphanhood "hotspots" and "coldspots" - can be found at the village and sub-village levels. In the ...

OBJECTIVE Dental caries remains the most common disease worldwide and the use of fluoride toothpaste is a most effective preventive public health measure to prevent it. Changes in diets following globalization contribute to the development of dental caries in emerging economies. The aim of this paper is to compare the cost and relative affordability of fluoride toothpaste in high-, middle- and ...