Synaptic transmission at the vocal synapse, the laryngeal neuromuscular junction, of Xenopus /aevk has been shown to be regulated by long-term changes in circulating estrogen. In females, high levels of circulating estrogen also accompany gonadotropin-induced ovulation and oviposition and the switch from sexually unreceptive to receptive states, including changes in vocal behaviors (ticking to ...

The effective detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) is considerably important for the clinical diagnosis both early pregnancy and nonpregnancy-related diseases. In this work, a simple sensitive electrochemical sandwich-type immunosensing platform was designed by synthesizing b-cyclodextrin (CD) functionalized graphene (CD/GN) hybrid as simultaneously sensing signal transducer coupled ...

To induce oocyte development, eels are weekly injected with salmon or carp pituitary extract (CPE). The handling and hormone peaks result in inferior quality; therefore, alternative treatments that improve quality reproductive success require investigation. enhancement of early sexual maturation by a single injection human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), administered prior to CPE treatment, was i...

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological malignancy, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation is correlated with poor prognosis. In a previous study, the present authors observed that human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) could promote VM formation in three-dimensional OVCAR-3 cell cultures. In order to investigate whether HCG could promote VM formation in ovarian cance...

Implantation requires communication between a receptive endometrium and a healthy blastocyst. This maternal-embryonic crosstalk involves local mediators within the uterine microenvironment. We demonstrate that a secreted protein, prokineticin 1 (PROK1), is expressed in the receptive endometrium and during early pregnancy. PROK1 induces expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in endometri...

BACKGROUND Iatrogenic transmission of human prion disease can occur through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones such as gonadotropins extracted from cadaver pituitaries. Annually, more than 300,000 women in the United States and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for infertility. Although menopausal urine donors are screened for symptomatic neurologica...

BACKGROUND When exogenous testosterone or treatments to elevate testosterone (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] or Clomid) are prescribed for men who have antecedent thrombophilia, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism often occur and may recur despite adequate anticoagulation if testosterone therapy is continued. CASE PRESENTATION A 55-year-old white male was referred to us because ...

Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecologic benign tumors. Studies supporting a strong pregnancy-related growth of leiomyomas generally claimed a crucial role of sex steroid hormones. However, sex steroids are unlikely the unique actors involved as estrogen and progesterone achieve a pick serum concentration in the last trimester while leiomyomas show a typical increase during the first tr...

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a heterodimeric hormone consisting of an alpha (a) and a beta (β) subunit, is used as a marker for the diagnosis of pregnancy, congenital defects, and choriocarcinoma. After excluding the common causes of elevated serum hCG, laboratory identification of false-positive or true results assists in guiding clinical management. Options include testing urine for hC...

Background: Patients with ectopic pregnancy and low serum β-HCG concentrations are commonly treated systemic methotrexate. Aim: To compare the outcome of methotrexate versus expectant management for females presenting pregnancy. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: Females (n=140) were enrolled in study. Blood sample was taken beta-HCG noted. Then randomly divided two groups ...