OBJECTIVE To review the literature that provides information to assist in analyzing the role of the foot in acute and chronic lateral ankle injury. DATA SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, Institute for Scientific Information's Web of Science, and SPORT Discus from 1965-2005 using the terms lateral, ankle, ligament, injury, risk factors, foot, subtalar joint, talocrural joint, gait analysis,...

Human motion analysis and measurement technology have been widely used in the fields of medical treatment, sports science, rehabilitation. In clinical practice, has applied diagnosis individualized treatment planning various musculoskeletal diseases, it is also an important objective scientific method to evaluate therapeutic effect effectiveness equipment. This study aimed introduce common mode...

A planar biomechanical model of a human leg has been developed to investigate automatic control strategies for artificially stimulated muscle using electrical stimulation (ES). The model comprises the nonlinear multiplicative model of the muscles, tendons and two body segments (thigh and shank-foot complex), that is, the hip and the knee. Flexor and extensor muscles are included for each joint....

The traditional theory on subtalar joint neutral position and intrinsic foot deformities for the evaluation and treatment of foot and ankle disorders has been the basis for foot orthotics for many years. Although clinical evaluations have suggested a relationship between subtalar pronation and a variety of lower limb problems, such as shin splints and anterior knee pain, recent research has rai...

We constructed a powered ankle-foot orthosis for human walking with a novel myoelectric controller. The orthosis included a carbon fiber and polypropylene shell, a metal hinge joint, and two artificial pneumatic muscles. Soleus electromyography (EMG) activated the artificial plantar flexor and inhibited the artificial dorsiflexor. Tibialis anterior EMG activated the artificial dorsiflexor. We c...

The excellent locomotion ability of geckos on various rough and/or inclined substrates has attracted scientists' attention for centuries. However, the moving ability of gecko-mimicking robots on various inclined surfaces still lags far behind that of geckos, mainly because our understanding of how geckos govern their locomotion is still very poor. To reveal the fundamental mechanism of gecko lo...