BACKGROUND Increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation have been noted to occur progressively in the throwing shoulder of baseball pitchers. HYPOTHESIS Proximal remodeling of the humerus contributes to the rotational asymmetry between shoulders in pitchers. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive anatomic study. METHODS Both shoulders of 19 male college baseball pitchers were evaluated a...

The humeral head articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The anatomical neck separates the greater and lesser tuberosities from the humeral head. The long head of biceps runs between the tuberosities in the bicipital groove, and the surgical neck is just below the greater and lesser tuberosities. The radial nerve runs posteriorly around the middle third of the humeral shaft in the sp...

Surgical management of proximal humerus fractures are widely accepted with locking plates. However, technical pitfalls often lead to complications which can always be avoided. We analyse the fractures of proximal humerus treated by locked plates in our institute in this study. The importance of minimal soft tissue dissection to preserve the vascularity of the head, indirect methods of reduction...