Generic, ready-to-use preliminary design methodologies for aircraft utility systems, made available by means of a Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) tool do not exist. An attempt is made to apply principles used in preliminary aircraft design to preliminary design of utility systems. This is demonstrated for the flight control and hydraulic system. The Computer-Aided Engineering tool consists of ...

This paper reviews four critical mechanisms for successful applications of hydraulic fracturing that have emerged or grown in importance over the past 2 decades. These critical issues are managing height growth, decreasing near-wellbore tortuosity, predicting and engineering network versus localized growth geometry, and promoting simultaneous growth of multiple hydraulic fractures. Building on ...

In the upper crust, where hydraulic gradients are typically ,1 MPa km, advective heat transport is often effective for permeabilities k $ 10 m and advective mass (solute) transport for k $ 10 m. Regional-scale analyses of coupled groundwater flow and heat transport in the upper crust typically infer permeabilities in the range of 10 to 10 m, so that heat advection is sometimes significant and s...

Classical Geostatistics methods have been designed to use mainly statistical knowledge about natural variables and they lack the ability to incorporate important forms of knowledge like physical laws and scientific theories into the mapping process. On the other hand, the powerful and versatile Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method of Modern Geostatistics can accomplish such a task, rigorously ...

Environmental Flow Requirement (EFR) is defined as the flow that is necessary to ensure the existence of habitats in water resources systems. EFR is defined in rivers as flow index commonly. Tennant method is the most popular hydrological method in rivers and based on the historic flow data. The most common method of hydraulic rating method is the wetted perimeter method. Habitat simulation tec...

In order to develop more efficient engines, it is essential to optimize the lubrication circuit of the power train systems. In this paper, during an engine design and development process, a network analysis of the engine lubrication system is described in detail. Two elements have been added to the lubrication circuit in the modified engine. These elements are hydraulic lifters and an Anti-d...

Cavitation is among the most complicated and common damages of spillway structures. This phenomenon is controlled by different parameters including the pressure, flow velocity, spillway surface material, operation time, and air flow content. The cavitation index is calculated along the spillway and compared with its critical value using the measured values of the flow’s hydraulic parameters. Th...

Upscaled soil hydraulic properties are needed for many large-scale hydrologic applications such as regional and global climate studies and investigations of land–atmosphere interactions. Many larger scale subsurface flow and contaminant transport studies also require upscaled hydraulic property estimates. The objectives of this study were to develop a methodology for upscaling hydraulic propert...

The control of plant transpiration by stomata under water stress and recovery conditions is of paramount importance for plant performance and survival. Although both chemical and hydraulic signals emitted within a plant are considered to play a major role in controlling stomatal dynamics, they have rarely been assessed together. The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the dynamics of chemic...

Transient ow analyses have numerous geophysical and geotechnical applications and they are necessary for the understanding and development of laboratory measurement techniques in rock and soil mechanics, particularly in the determination of the permeability of substances. In this paper, we formulate a Genetic Algorithm inversion technique for the retrieval of homogeneous or spacewise dependent ...