High-pressure elasticity studies will play a central role in efforts to constrain the potential hydration state of the Earth's mantle from seismic observations. Here we report the effects of 1 wt% H2O (as structurally bound OH) on the sound velocities and elastic moduli of singlecrystal ringwoodite of Fo90 composition, thought to be the dominant phase in the deeper part of the transition zone b...

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND A modified laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used to obtain methane by treating hydrous ethanol vinasse. Vinasses or stillage are waste materials with high organic loads, and a complex composition resulting from the process of alcohol distillation. They must initially be treated with anaerobic processes due to their high organic loads. ...

Outstanding issues regarding the film formation, redox switching characteristics and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic behaviour of multicycled iron oxyhydroxide films in aqueous alkaline solution have been revisited. The oxide is grown using a repetitive potential multicycling technique, and the mechanism of the latter hydrous oxide formation process has been discussed. A du...

Dehydrogenation experiments have been performed on natural pyrope megacrysts (PY7oAlmI6GrI4) containing 22-112 ppm total H20 by weight (H/Si is from 0.00035 to 0.0018). The concentrations ofOH in pyrope crystals were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Two methods were used to obtain diffusivities. One method involved measurement of OH concentration profiles after a heating e...

The development of green, selective, and efficient catalysts, which can aerobically oxidize a variety of alcohols to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones, is of both economic and environmental significance. We report here the synthesis of a novel aerobic oxidation catalyst, a zeolite-confined nanometer-sized RuO(2) (RuO(2)-FAU), by a one-step hydrothermal method. Using the spatial constrai...

We describe a new synthetic approach to heterogeneous metal-TiO(2) nanomaterials based on conversion of Ti(3+) to hydrous TiO(2) occurring uniquely on the nanostructured metallic surfaces such as Pt, Au, and Ni nanowires and nanoparticles. The TiO(2) growth mechanism was studied by designing an electrochemical cell. A variety of heterogeneous metal-TiO(2) nanostructures, such as segmented meta...

A stable, hydrogen-defect structure of post-perovskite (hy-ppv, Mg1 xSiH2xO3) has been determined by first-principles calculations of the vibrational and elastic properties up to 150 GPa. Among three potential hy-ppv structures analyzed, one was found to be stable at pressures relevant to the lower-mantle D 00 region. Hydrogen has a pronounced effect on the elastic properties of post-perovskite...