Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, NR1C3) and testicular receptor 4 nuclear receptor (TR4, NR2C2) are two members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily that can be activated by several similar ligands/activators including polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites, such as 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, as well as some anti-diabetic drugs su...

Oxylipins function as signaling molecules in plant growth and development and contribute to defense against stress. Here, we show that oxylipins also facilitate infestation of Arabidopsis thaliana shoots by the phloem sap-consuming green peach aphid (GPA; Myzus persicae), an agronomically important insect pest. GPAs had difficulty feeding from sieve elements and tapping into the xylem of lipoxy...

Smoking is a major risk factor for several diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To better understand the systemic effects of cigarette smoke exposure and mild to moderate COPD-and to support future biomarker development-we profiled the serum lipidomes of healthy smokers, smokers with mild to moderate COPD (GOLD stages 1 and 2), former smokers, and never-smokers (n = ...

Dietary intake of the n-6 fatty acid (FA) linoleic acid (LA) has a strong growth-promoting effect on many rodent tumors and human tumor xenografts grown in immunodeficient rodents. n-3 FAs such as alpha-linolenic and eicosapentaenoic acids (EPAs), which differ from LA and arachidonic acid, respectively, by only a single double bond in the n-3 position, are recognized cancer chemopreventive and ...

De novo brown adipogenesis involves the proliferation and differentiation of progenitors, yet the mechanisms that guide these events in vivo are poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that treatment with a β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) agonist triggers brown/beige adipogenesis in gonadal white adipose tissue following adipocyte death and clearance by tissue macrophages. The close physic...

Activation and deactivation of macrophages are of considerable importance during the development of various disease states, atherosclerosis among others. Macrophage activation is achieved by oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL) and is determined by oxygen radical (ROS) formation. The oxidative burst was measured by flow cytometry and quantitated by oxidation of the redox-sensitive dye dichlorodihydrof...

BACKGROUND 15-S-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15(S)-HETE) and 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13(S)-HODE), both of which are metabolites of 15-lipoxygenases (15-LOXs), are endogenous ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). The activation of PPARgamma inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in some cancers. The role of 15(S)-HETE) and 13(S)-HODE in the deve...

T lymphocytes, macrophages, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) are collocalized in early atherosclerotic lesions. Using a low-endotoxin in vitro system, we observed that Ox-LDL but not native LDL induced the production, by both freshly adherent human peripheral blood monocytes and human monocytic THP-1 cells, of the alpha chemokine interleukin (IL)-8, a potent chemoattractant for T l...

Oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) induce the release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, a process that may contribute to atherogenesis. While 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) is a constituent of oxidized LDL and can by itself induce IL-1 beta release, its potency relative to oxidized LDL suggested that other components of modified LDL ma...

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates the lipoxygenase metabolism of linoleic acid to 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) in Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) fibroblasts. 13(S)-HODE is a potent and specific enhancer of EGF-dependent DNA synthesis in normal phenotypic SHE cells (supB+), but is inactive in variant SHE cells that have lost tumor suppressor gene function (supB-). EGF activation ...