We compared the effect of hyperammonemia on NADH levels in brain slices, and on the rate of oxygen consumption from isolated non-synaptic brain mitochondria, in ammoniasensitive Wistar rats with that in ammonia-tolerant gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). The NADH content was significantly decreased (12% less than control after 45 min with 1 mM NH4Cl) in rat brain slices, but it was not affected in b...

Valproate acid (Depakote) (VPA) is very effective in the treatment of various illnesses including: seizure disorders, migraine headache prophylaxis, neuralgia, and bipolar disorder. The use of VPA frequently results in elevated plasma levels of ammonia. This is seen despite normal baseline liver function test results in such patients. In this case report, we describe two instances of VPA-induce...

OBJECTIVE Warnings of L-carnitine induced seizures are recorded on product monographs and pharmacy databases, without any referenced literature. This medication can potentially improve the hospital course in those patients with valproic acid (VPA) induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy, but may be withheld because of this warning. The goal was to perform an extensive systematic review of the lit...