Leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a rare disorder that results from structural alterations of cerebral white matter, is characterized by cerebral edema, and can occur in patients of any age. Cranial irradiation and certain chemotherapy agents, especially those used in high-dose protocols, are causal agents. The prevalence of toxic leukoencephalopathy is unknown; however, this syndrome has been re...

Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is a genetic demyelinating and dismyelinating disease in the oligodendrocyte, the central nervous system (CNS) myelin-forming glia [1]. Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease is a prototypic HLD and is now called HLD1. HLD1 is caused by mutations of the gene encoding proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). HLD4 (OMIM No. 612233) is associated with a missense mutation of mitocho...

Hypomyelination is observed in the context of a growing number of genetic disorders that share clinical characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the possible role of magnetic resonance imaging pattern recognition in distinguishing different hypomyelinating disorders, which would facilitate the diagnostic process. Only patients with hypomyelination of known cause were included in ...

BACKGROUND Atypical clinical and imaging findings in Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome are recognized with increasing frequency. CASE REPORT We report a case of an adult in his 5(th )decade immunosupressed with methilprednisolone, tacrolimus and micophenolate who two months after renal transplantation, multiple infections and an episode of humoral rejection became hypertensive...

A 34-year-old woman presented with a 1-year history of progressive apathy, executive dysfunction, and memory impairment. Examination revealed moderate frontal dysfunction bipyramidal signs. MRI brain (figure 1) showed symmetric leukoencephalopathy sparing subcortical U-fibers.

The authors describe three patients with reversible leukoencephalopathy associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Rapid progression of neurologic symptoms was followed by dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. Pathologically, CAA was associated with varying degrees of inflammation ranging from none to transmural granulomatous infiltration. In the appropriate clinical context, ...