INTRODUCTION Mild hypoxia has been seen in approximately one third of patients with chronic liver disease. Development of hypoxemia in patients with chronic liver disease, modifies the line of management and worsens the prognosis of the disease. Hence an early detection of hypoxemia in these patients is essential. Hypoxemia results from various causes in patients with chronic liver disease. Hep...

The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is becoming a global health crisis that challenges systems around the world. clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies from mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia and acute distress syndrome, but there are also many patients present with an SpO2 < 90% without symptoms shortness breath. This phenomenon called happy hypoxemia...

abstract  background: uncuffed endotracheal tube(ett) were considered for children less than 8 years. meanwhile, aspiration around ett in patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy is concerned.we compared cuffed versus uncuffed ett regarding respiratory complications following adenotonsillectomy.  methods: 128 children aged 2-8 yr were divided to two groups of 64 each. uncuffed and cuffed tubes we...

In 2009, during the influenza A (H1N1) epidemic, there were many reported cases of pulmonary infection with severe hypoxemia that was refractory to the ventilatory strategies and rescue therapies commonly used to treat patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Many of those cases were treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which renewed international interest i...