A steady decline in Arctic sea ice has been observed over recent decades. General circulation models predict further decreases under increasing greenhouse gas scenarios. Sea ice plays an important role in the climate system in that it influences ocean-to-atmosphere fluxes, surface albedo, and ocean buoyancy. The aim of this study is to isolate the climate impacts of a declining Arctic sea ice c...

A steady decline in Arctic sea ice has been observed over recent decades. General circulation models predict further decreases under increasing greenhouse gas scenarios. Sea ice plays an important role in the climate system in that it influences ocean-to-atmosphere fluxes, surface albedo, and ocean buoyancy. The aim of this study is to isolate the climate impacts of a declining Arctic sea ice c...

Mineral speciation of struvite family crystals precipitated in a synthetic wastewater containing Mg: NH : PO3 (MAP) ions were determined in the study. The pH levels by KOH addition and MAP ratios were set up to be the parameter dependence on struvite family crystals precipitation. The Rietveld analysis of XRPD pattern confirmed a mixed product of struvite, struvite-(K) and newberyite precipitat...

[1] Glaciological processes are modeled to investigate precipitation patterns and the resulting mass flux of snow and ice across Himalayan topography. Our model tracks the accumulation and ablation of snow and ice and the transport of snow and ice across the topography by glacier motion. We investigate high elevation precipitation on the Annapurna Massif by comparing the existing ice cover with...

AFPs (antifreeze proteins) are produced by many organisms that inhabit ice-laden environments. They facilitate survival at sub-zero temperatures by binding to, and inhibiting, the growth of ice crystals in solution. The Antarctic bacterium Marinomonas primoryensis produces an exceptionally large (>1 MDa) hyperactive Ca2+-dependent AFP. We have cloned, expressed and characterized a 322-amino-aci...

Aerosols may modify cloud properties and precipitation via a variety of mechanisms with varying and contradicting consequences. Using a large ensemble of satellite data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer onboard the Earth Observing System’s Aqua platform, the CloudSat cloud profiling radar and the CloudAerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALI...

The spatial and temporal variability of convection during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) was examined via analysis of three-dimensional polarimetric radar data. Terrain bands were defined as the Gulf of California (over water) and elevations of 0–500 m above mean sea level (MSL; coastal plain), 500–1500 m MSL, and .1500 m MSL. Convective rainfall over the Gulf typically featured t...

Ice crystals in atmospheric clouds have shapes, which affect their density, terminal fall velocity, growth rate and radiative properties. In calculations for climate change predictions, weather forecasting of precipitation, and remote sensing retrievals, idealized crystal shapes uch as columns, needles, plates and dendrites are assumed. Using new technology imaging instrumentation with a resolu...

Observing cirrus halos to constrain in-situ measurements of ice crystal size T. J. Garrett, M. B. Kimball, G. G. Mace, and D. G. Baumgardner Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0110, USA Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Received: 21 December 2006 – Accepted: 16 January 2007 – Published: 26 January 2007 Correspondence to: T. Garret...