Biallelic, partial loss-of-function mutations in GNRHR cause a wide spectrum of reproductive phenotypes from constitutional delay of growth and puberty to complete congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. We studied the frequency of GNRHR, FGFR1, TAC3, and TACR3 mutations in nine adolescent and young adult females with clinical cues consistent with partial gonadotropin deficiency (stalled pube...

Disruption of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis has been reported and studied in menopause, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and anorexia nervosa, but not in weight-stable amenorrheic athletes. We investigated the effects of short-term transdermal estradiol on basal and exercise-stimulated serum GH, IGF-1, and associated binding proteins (IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3) in seven weig...

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the etiologic causes of amenorrhea, the prevalence of müllerian anomalies as a cause of primary amenorrhea and the different varieties of müllerian anomalies causing primary amenorrhea. Methods: This study included all the women presenting with primary amenorrhea who presented to the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Nalanda Medi...

Introduction: During puberty, menarche represents the most important event in females. Amenorrhea is defined as the absence of menstruation during puberty. Aim: To evaluate the adolescents with amenorrhea and to analyzed the management of these patients. Material and method: We analyzed 216 patients admitted to the Endocrinology Department over a period of five years, from 2007 to 2012. The stu...

Context Hyperprolactinemia-induced hypogonadotropic amenorrhea (hPRL-HA) is a major cause of hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency in women. In hyperprolactinemic mice, we previously demonstrated that hypothalamic kisspeptin (Kp) expression was diminished and that Kp administration restored hypothalamic GnRH release, gonadotropin secretion, and ovarian cyclicity, sugges...

Idiopathic hypothalamitis is a rare condition that can cause anterior pituitary dysfunction and central diabetes insipidus (CDI), occasionally accompanied by disturbance of autonomic regulation known as hypothalamic syndrome. This has been described subtype autoimmune (lymphocytic) hypophysitis; however, some cases isolated involvement with no inflammatory lesions in either the gland or infundi...

The effect of continuous administration of the C-terminal fragment of metastin, the ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor, GPR54, on GnRH-induced LH secretion was examined in three agonadal, juvenile male monkeys whose responsiveness to GnRH was heightened by pretreatment with a chronic pulsatile iv infusion of synthetic GnRH. After bolus injection of 10 microg human (hu) metastin 45-54 (eq...

Puberty is a series of physical development and sexual maturation that aims to achieved reproductive capacity. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis has an important role in the normal process puberty. Disruption HPG causes hormonal disturbances, one which hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, associated with delayed Hormonal disorders can also cause various problems besides system, such as mu...

Eighteen women with well characterized hypothalamic amenorrhea underwent 30 cycles of pulsatile GnRH treatment in an effort to examine the role of GnRH dosage in pituitary and ovarian responses. GnRH was administered iv at 2 doses (25 and 100 ng/kg bolus) at a physiological range of frequencies (90 and 60 min) in the follicular phase of the induced cycles. After demonstration of ovulation by ul...