We show that likelihood judgments are biased toward an ignorance-prior probability that assigns equal credence to each mutually exclusive event considered by the judge. The value of the ignorance prior depends crucially on how the set of possibilities (i.e., the state space) is subjectively partitioned by the judge. For instance, asking "what is the probability that Sunday will be hotter than a...

It is well known that complete prior ignorance is not compatible with learning, at least in a coherent theory of (epistemic) uncertainty. What is less widely known, is that there is a state similar to full ignorance, that Walley calls near-ignorance, that permits learning to take place. In this paper we provide new and substantial evidence that also near-ignorance cannot be really regarded as a...

In many applications, uncertainty and ignorance go hand in hand. Therefore, to deliver database support for effective decision making, an integrated view of uncertainty and ignorance should be taken. So far, most of the efforts attempted to capture uncertainty and ignorance with probability theory. In this paper, we discuss the weakness to capture ignorance with probability theory, and propose ...

A browser is considered to be a functional window to the Internet. It is interface software that serves as a communication medium between the users and the Internet. Sophisticated attack patterns and design flaws in browsers pose serious threats to user security, privacy, and integrity. Recent advancements have shown that browser User Interface (UI) design flaws catalyze the vulnerability explo...

In this paper, I respond to the following argument which several authors have presented. If we are culpable for some action, we act either from akrasia or from culpable ignorance. However, akrasia is highly exceptional and it turns out that tracing culpable ignorance leads to a vicious regress. Hence, we are hardly ever culpable for our actions. I argue that the argument fails. Cases of akrasia...

We observe that verbs like wonder do not just imply that their subject does not know the answer to the embedded question, but a stronger form of ignorance, which we call distributive ignorance. This is not predicted by existing work on the semantics of wonder, and we argue that it cannot be straightforwardly derived as a pragmatic inference either. We consider two possible semantic accounts, an...

the intersection of the communities studying constraint computation and software agents. Constraint-based reasoning systems can be enhanced by using agents with multiple problem-solving approaches or diverse problem representations. The constraint computation paradigm can be used to model agent consultation, cooperation, and competition. An interesting theme in agent interaction, which is studi...

Rik Peels has once again forcefully argued that ignorance is not equivalent to the lack or absence of knowledge. In doing so, he endeavors to refute the Standard View of Ignorance according to which they are equivalent, and to advance what he calls the ―New View‖ according to which ignorance is equivalent (merely) to the lack or absence of true belief. I defend the Standard View against his new...

At least also introduces an implication of speaker ignorance ([9, 1, 12, 19]). (1) conveys that the speaker is uncertain about the exact number of cooks Al hired. In one view, pioneered by Büring ([1]), this ignorance implication is a Gricean Quantity implicature. Büring proposes to capitalize on a striking similarity between at least and disjunction. Just like 1, 3 below lacks the upper-boundi...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify individual variables with an impact on knowledge sharing and explore the under-discussed construct of employees’ ignorance. This can enhance the knowledge sharing process and facilitate the development of greater intellectual capital. Design/methodology/approach: Eighty-four dependent variables affecting knowledge sharing are analyzed and classi...