Beginning from a case, this paper focuses on the discussion of “the invalidity of illegal civil conduct”. From the perspective of comparative law, this paper makes theoretical researches on the effectiveness of civil conduct that breaches the law in content. It chiefly analyzes three issues. What is the law that is breached by the illegal civil conduct? Is the “invalidity” “absolute” or “relati...

1. Monopolization of the market for operating systems (“OSs”) for Personal Computers (“PCs”) through the use of anti-competitive contractual arrangements with various vendors of related goods such as with computer manufacturers and Internet Service Providers (“ISPs”) and of other actions taken to preserve and enhance its monopoly, and that these acts are illegal under §2 of the Sherman Act; 2. ...

BACKGROUND Our aim was to examine whether comorbid mood and anxiety disorders influence patterns of treatment or the perceived unmet need for treatment among those not receiving treatment for illegal drug use disorders. METHODS Data came from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, 2001-2002 and 2004-2005, n = 34,653). Lifetime DSM-IV illegal drug use diso...

Counterfeit and illegal pharmaceutical products are an increasing worldwide problem and constitute a major challenge for analytical laboratories to detect and characterize them. Spectroscopic techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have always been the first methods of choice to detect counterfeits and illegal preparations, but due to the evolution in the seized products...

To extend previous cognition-based illegal downloading research, this project postulates that anticipated guilt, general emotions, attitudes, and norms collectively determine intentions to download digital files illegally. Our findings indicate that college students were more likely to download if they had more favorable attitudes, perceived greater social approval, and perceived more control o...

The Effects of Enforcement on Illegal Markets: Evidence from Migrant Smuggling along the Southwestern Border This paper analyzes how enforcement along the U.S.-Mexican border has affected the market for migrant smugglers. Using a unique dataset that links border crossing histories from illegal Mexican migrants to aggregate enforcement and punishment statistics, we find that the effect of enforc...

Party networks of young people are important for socialization, but can also influence their involvement in risk behaviours. We explored the individual-centred networks (7.360 friends) of 1.363 recreational nightlife users in 9 European cities in 2006, through 22 friend characteristics. As expected, deviant networks are related to violence, smoking, illegal drug use and drunkenness. However, so...