The payload increase of watermarking channels via the use of low-density parity check codes is considered. The bit error rate and payload size problem is addressed in the light of the performance of typical transform-domain spread-spectrum watermarking techniques. Simulation results indicate that the information payload can be doubled via judicious use of LDPC codes vis-à-vis the performance of...

A simple and inexpensive flight payload system for experimental high altitude balloon flights is described. The payload includes a simple 2m FM/CW telemetry beacon transmitter, an automated ID'er/controller which can provide up to 16 different CW telemetry status messages and also control an inexpensive digital camera for collecting still images at predetermined intervals during the balloon fli...

The SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) mission will provide from 2007 onwards global maps of soil moisture over land and sea surface salinity over ocean. The radiometry group of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) in Barcelona has been involved either in the definition of the SMOS single payload, MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis), or in the organization of ...

SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) is part of the payload of ESA’s Environmental Satellite ENVISAT which was launched into a sun-synchronous polar orbit on 2002-03-01. First in-flight validation results already showed inconsistencies of the radiometric calibration of SCIAMACHY. Hence the on-ground calibration was thoroughly revised and correction f...

We demonstrate an all-optical label and payload processor based on nonlinear optical processing with semiconductor optical amplifiers. The processor separates the label and the payload, and generates a synchronization pulse. Introduction All-optical label swapping (AOLS) is a technique that enables the implementation of ultra-fast packet routing and forwarding in IP-over-WDM networks [1]. In an...

Host-based rerouting mechanism is a routing scheme that stores and forwards data in application layer. With this, users can communicate in a indirect way. Thus, identity information such as IP addresses can be effectively hidden against eavesdropper. In anonymous communication systems, such as Mixes, Onion Routing, and Crowds, this mechanism is adopted to provide anonymity. This mechanism, howe...

This memo defines two payload formats, one for carrying dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) digits, other line and trunk signals (Section 3), and a second one for general multi-frequency tones in RTP [1] packets (Section 4). Separate RTP payload formats are desirable since low-rate voice codecs cannot be guaranteed to reproduce these tone signals accurately enough for automatic recognition. Definin...

Cross-Domain Payload Migration: Space payload development typically occurs over relatively long timelines, given the risks, costs, and other factors. This fact motivates developers to investigate other payloads and platforms, in aviation and terrestrial systems, for example, as a means of gaining experience with stateof-the-art technology and exercising the methods and processes used in enginee...

This document describes an RTP [2] payload format for transporting comfort noise (CN). The CN payload type is primarily for use with audio codecs that do not support comfort noise as part of the codec itself such as ITU-T Recommendations G.711 [3], G.726 [4], G.727 [5], G.728 [6], and G.722 [7]. 1. Conventions used in this document The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL N...