Dr. Benacerraf describes his experience in training immunologists for a period of over 30 years. He then analyzes the circumstances in which selected discoveries were made in his laboratory and the events and reasoning that led to these findings. The following topics are discussed: The phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system. The pathogenesis of immune complex diseases. The impac...

the significant reduction of bollworm infestation by the implementation of integrated pest management (ipm) in bt cotton as a component of ipm led to reduction in bollworm infestation and increase in yield. however, these alterations have brought in many new biotic problems hitherto unknown or of little economic importance. field survey of rainfed bt cotton fields in perambalur district of tami...

Guinea pigs genetically deficient in the second (C2) or fourth component of complement (C4) generally appear healthy in contrast to humans with a C2 or C4 deficiency. However, upon investigation of these genetic deficiencies in guinea pigs for signs of dysregulation in the humoral immune system and especially autoantibodies, many complement-deficient guinea pigs (greater than 50%) had elevated ...

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases and has among the highest mortality rates of all infectious diseases. There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains asymptomatic. Despite the great progress in its diagnosis and treatment,...

Inflammation is a complex biological response to detrimental stimuli and can be a double-edged sword. Inflammation plays a protective role in removing pathogenic factors, but dysregulated inflammation is associated with several major fatal diseases such as asthma, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Asthma is a complex heterogenous disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. TLRs are ...

In 48 patients undergoing renal biopsy there was a strong correlation (chi 2 11.45 (P less than 0.01)) between the demonstration of circulating and deposited immune complexes. Serial studies of circulating immune complex levels have shown fluctuations which only sometimes appear to coincide with clinical changes in individual patients.

Attempts to demonstrate specific serum antibody or immune complexes in the brains of mink affected with transmissible mink encephalopathy were unsuccessful with serum neutralization and immunofluorescent procedures. These data may be significant, considering the unusual nature of the disease and the biochemical properties of the etiological agent.

Chronic liver disease is a complex multi-stage process involving many immune and non-immune cells. Understanding the pathology of diseases requires knowledge cell biology phagocytes. The review summarizes our current perception role phagocyte cells innate system in chronic inflammation, with an emphasis on their interaction inflammatory participants. A better understanding response may serve as...