Introduction: The 22 km ∅ crater “Giordano Bruno” is the youngest lunar crater of its size or larger [1]. The crater is located at 36N / 103E in the Th-poor lunar highlands and has a prominent ejecta ray system. According to urban ledgend formation of the Giordano Bruno crater was observed by medieval monks on June 18, 1178 A.D [2]. However, formation of a 22 km sized crater on the Moon would...

Introduction: Two terrestrial craters of different origins have been selected as field sites for this continuing work: El Elegante Crater, a maar crater in the Pinacate Volcanic Field (PVF) in northern Mexico, formed approximately 150,000 years ago from phrea-tomagmatic explosions [1-2], and Meteor Crater, an impact crater located in central Arizona, formed approximately 50,000 years ago from t...

Introduction: Crater rays radiate from fresh primary craters on the Moon, Mercury, and Mars. On the Moon, they are related to secondary craters [1,2,3], scouring of the surface [2], or deposition of distal deposits [2]. On Mars, they also can be shown to be related to secondary craters (e.g., [4,5]) or blast winds [6,7]. Observations of arcuate uprange rays emanating from the Deep Impact collis...

[1] New spacecraft observations in the Nili Fossae region of Mars reveal two valley networks (!80 and !200 km long) that each formed distributary fans as they entered an ancient 40-km diameter impact crater. An outlet channel on the eastern crater rim, lying at an elevation above the fans, suggests these fans formed as subaqueous deltas in a crater lake. Water flowing in the valley networks ent...

Introduction: There is abundant geomorphic evidence for the importance of groundwater in the Martian hydrologic cycle. It appears likely that the valley networks formed as a result of groundwater sapping [1], and it is clear that the outflow channels are the manifestation of large-scale eruptions of groundwater to the surface [2]. Thus, our understanding of the formation of these features is on...

The importance of impact processes on a planetary scale has been recognized only fairly recently, after it became evident that not only our Moon (FIG. 1), but all other bodies in the solar system with a solid surface are covered with meteorite impact craters (FIG. 2). Impact cratering is a highenergy event that occurs at more or less irregular intervals (although over long periods of time, an a...

Fullerenes have been so far identified in a few rock types with unique geological history. One group of these finds is related to impacts of extraterrestrial bodies on Earth surface, strictly speaking the impact structure of Sudbury (Becker et al., 1994) and to events recorded from Permian/Triassic (Becker et al., 2001) and Cretaceous/Tertiary boundaries (Heymann et al., 1994). Generally two ba...

The main goal of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos ExoMars rover mission is to collect samples from near-subsurface Mars. will look for any physical or chemical evidence ancient life in near subsurface. This map shows distribution impact craters at this proposed landing site Oxia Planum on records 1199 > 500 m diameter a 5.0° × 2.5° region around Planum. are symbolised based way dif...