Streams are infinite sequences over a given data type. A stream specification is a set of equations intended to define a stream. We propose a transformation from such a stream specification to a term rewriting system (TRS) in such a way that termination of the resulting TRS implies that the stream specification is well-defined, that is, admits a unique solution. As a consequence, proving well-d...

We propose a model, called a deliberation structure model, that represents streams of relevant messages in email communication. The deliberation structure model treats e-mail messages that include several topics and uses tree structure, called deliberation trees, that are based on Clark’s contribution trees to represent message structure. Deliberation trees are useful to visualize the message s...

This paper presents a new method to calculate the freshwater target for water using networks with single contaminant. The pinch point is determined by exploiting one of the features of water-pinch-analysis: freshwater is only necessary below the pinch. With the known pinch point, the calculation of the freshwater target becomes very simple, especially for the networks with many streams. The res...

Semiaquatic flies (Diptera, Nematocera) are an ecologically important and species rich group of insects within the boreal and arctic biomes. Community structure, species richness and abundance of semiaquatic flies were studied in three habitat types (aapa mires, springs and headwater streams), totaling 19 study sites, within the subalpine ecoregion of northern boreal Finland. Concordance of sem...

Using single/multiple layers of highly conductive metallic wire mesh screen bonded to a plain heat transfer base surface, the two-phase heat transfer performance of a microjet impinging onto a porous coated copper surface was studied. Experiments were conducted at three different flow rates of water under atmospheric pressure. For comparison, experiments of jet impinging on a plain copper surfa...