results in this study, 57.8% males and 42.2% females participated, while the mean age of the patients was 68.46 years old, and the mean age of the healthy individuals was 59.79 years old. the findings of this study showed a family history of cancer, anemia, and smoking, and associations with education, occupation, socioeconomic status, blood group, consumption of hot drinks, as well as a histor...

background nephrolithiasis is a widespread multifactorial disorder. constitutional, environmental and genetic factors play a role in stone formation. although important advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of stone formation, none of the many theories have given a satisfactory explanation of this process. objectives the objective of study was to evaluate the probable rel...

background: bakers, due to the nature of their jobs, are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (msds) caused by ergonomic factors. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical risk factors for msds in bakers. materials and methods: in the current study, all sangak, taftoon, and lavash bread bakeries in gonabad, iran, were selected based on census method. then, hierarchical task an...

Abstract Cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) are potentially life-saving treatments for several cardiac conditions, but not without risk. Despite dissemination of recommended strategies prevention device infections, such as administration antibiotics before implantation, infection rates continue to rise resulting in escalating health care costs. New trials conveying important steps be...

background: the fourth survey of the surveillance system named ‘‘childhood and adolescence surveillance and prevention of adult non-communicable disease’’ (caspian–iv study), was conducted among a national representative sample of iranian students. this paper describes the methods and early findings of this survey.  methods: this nationwide school-based study was conducted in 31 provinces of ir...

conclusions patients who live with implantable cardioverter defibrillators face many concerns and challenges. therefore, the role of nurses in teaching patients before and after implementation is very important. results the challenges of living with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator include: living with fear, concerns about the future, concerns about device malfunction, fearing death du...

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background and aim: hepatitis b is a major health problem in the world and also in our country, iran. presence in war zones is among the most important risk factors for developing hepatitis b. this study was conducted to compare liver enzymes variations and hepatitis b risk factors among military and civilian chronic carriers of hepatitis b. methods: this was a cross-sectional descriptive-analy...

conclusions the potential risk and prevalence of ulmsds among computer users of medical sciences university were less than those of technical-engineering university due to following ergonomic principles. rula found to be a proper method for the assessment of the ergonomic risk factors of the ulmsds in order to prevent such disorders. background along with widespread use of computers, work-relat...