In order to elucidate the indirect effect by radiation on DNA base pairs, we investigate the mechanism for the attacking reaction of a hydroxyl radical (OH-radical) to the G-C and A-T base pairs, by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The effect of solvation on the mechanism is also revealed by performing the same DFT calculations under the continuum solvation approximation. We fi...

Five experiments supported the hypothesis that peoples' implicit theories about the fixedness versus malleability of human attributes (entity versus incremental theories) predict differences in degree of social stereotyping. Relative to those holding an incremental theory, people holding an entity theory made more stereotypical trait judgments of ethnic and occupational groups (Experiments 1, 2...

Because intelligent agents employ physically embodied cognitive systems to reason about the world, their cognitive abilities are constrained by the laws of physics. Scientists have used digital computers to develop and validate theories of physically embodied cognition. Computational theories of intelligence have advanced our understanding of the nature of intelligence and have yielded practica...

The purpose of this study was to investigate Finnish ( n = 226) and Estonian 347) teachers’ views on the nature intelligence. utilized a survey that included qualitative, open-ended question about definition intelligence quantitative inventory Implicit Theories Intelligence (ITI). We then employed convergent mixed-method design understand These were divided into four main categories: multidimen...