Collective bargaining forms an integral part of a trade union. In Malaysia, workers are protected under the relevant employment legislations that provide basic minimum rights. Although Malaysia’s freedom association is embodied in Federal Constitution, rights gig economy workers, more often than not, neglected. This evident from exclusion this category definition stated legislations. With exclu...

This article explores the effects of the current economic crisis from the perspective of who wins and who loses among employees and executives. While both executives and employees have suffered financially from this recession, employee losses are disproportionately more profound and are likely to have more lasting impact than losses experienced by executives. In a number of instances, executive...

OBJECTIVE To understand legislation combating counterfeit drugs in Hong Kong. DESIGN This study consisted of two parts. In part I, counterfeit drugs–related ordinances and court cases were reviewed. In part II, indepth interviews of the stakeholders were described. SETTING Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS All Hong Kong ordinances were screened manually to identify those combating counterfeit drugs...

Since the architecture of a software system constrains the non-functional requirements, the decisions taken during architectural design have a large impact in the resulting system. An architectural design method is presented that employs iterative evaluation and transformation of the software architecture in order to satisfy the nonfunctional requirements (NFRs). Architecture evaluation is perf...