Rhinitis, allergic (AR) and non-allergic (NAR), and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are different expressions of upper airway inflammation. Chronic upper airway symptoms are common in childhood and adolescence. There is a need for more epidemiologic data of these different entities of upper airway symptoms in the aspects of prevalence, natural course, co-morbidity and risk factors. The aim of this...

Matua bromegrass hay (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) is a high quality forage, but its value for mares during gestation and lactation is not well known. Intake, rate of passage, performance, and reproduction by gestating and lactating Quarter Horse mares fed the hay was investigated. In this experiment, 12, 2- to 12-yr-old gravid mares (mean BW = 553 kg, SD = 36) were fed Matua hay (CP = 11.5%) or a...

Background: Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a forage crop that yields high in arid and calcareous soils cultivated large areas. There aren’t many genetic diversity studies on the varieties of cultured sainfoin. This study was conducted to determine degree relationship between 23 landraces one registered variety. Methods: To take samples from populations, seeds were sown field 2014. Samples ...

When hay is first baled stored, it may go through a “sweat”, an increase in bale temperature. This increase in bale temperature is a combination of plant, bacteria, yeast, and fungi respiration. Plant soluble carbohydrates, principally sugars, are the source of energy for this respiration and increase in heat. As hay storage time increases, the hay loses Dry Matter (DM), and increases in Neutra...

Alfalfa is usually wilted 15% or less moisture prior to baling for hay. However, harvesting at low moistures increases loss of leaves (protein) during baling and reduces nutritive value. In addition, long wilting times increases the risk for damage from rain. In order to retain more nutrients and prevent rain damage, hay can be baled at higher moistures but the risk of spoilage from undesirable...

Prahl, P., Wilken-Jensen, K., and Mygind, N. (1975). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 50, 875. Beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol in treatment of hay fever in children. Eighteen children suffering from hay fever were treated with intra-nasal beclomethasone dipropionate (400 ,ug/day) and an identical placebo aerosol in a double-blind cross-over trial. 17 of the children preferred the intranasa...

OBJECTIVE To measure pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and lactate concentrations in stomach contents and determine number and severity of gastric lesions in horses fed bromegrass hay and alfalfa hay-grain diets. ANIMALS Six 7-year-old horses. PROCEDURE A gastric cannula was inserted in each horse. Horses were fed each diet, using a randomized crossover design. Stomach contents ...

OBJECTIVES The balance between interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL4) producing T cells (T1 and T2 cells) seems to be of importance in many (auto)immune disorders. In general, T1 cell activity is important in cellular immunity whereas T2 cell activity plays a part in humoral responses. T1 cell activity predominates in joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) whereas T2 ce...

The key chemical analysis used to estimate the energy value of alfalfa hay for trading purposes, ADF (acid detergent fiber), has been supplanted by NDF (neutral detergent fiber) as the key chemical analysis used by nutritionists to evaluate the fibrosity and energy value of alfalfa hay for nutritional purposes. It is important that the alfalfa hay trading industry abandon ADF, as it will genera...