This article deals with mathematical models of discrete, identi able, \symbolic" events in neural and cognitive dynamics. These dynamical symbols are the supposed correlates of identi able motor action patterns, from phoneme utterances to restaurant visits. In the rst main part of the article, models of dynamical symbols o ered by dynamical systems theory are reviewed: attractors, bifurcations,...

Intelligent agents embedded in physical environments need the ability to connect, or anchor, the symbols used to perform abstract reasoning to the physical entities which these symbols refer to. Anchoring must rely on perceptual data which is inherently aaected by uncertainty. We propose an anchoring technique based on the use of fuzzy sets to represent uncertainty, and of degree of subset-hood...

Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) is an education system that delivers necessary information, skills, attitudes related to work or self-employment. However, the TVET program not preferred by most Malaysian students due several factors such as students’ interest, parental influence, employers’ negative impression, facility in vocational institutions, inexperienced instructors, s...

The effect of inclination of the exciting coil in electromagnetic-thermal non-destructive inspection of conductive plates is investigated numerically. Coils of finite height and planar coils, with circular or square section, are considered in various configurations. The heating of the plate is most effective when the coil inclination is 0 o or 90 o and less effective for intermediate angles of ...