an increase in energy prices will decrease the fossil fuel consumption; on the other hand, the cost-push will encourage technology improvement for firms and households. these changes will affect the emission level.this paper studies the changes of yearly pollutant emissions after an energy price reform in iran. we apply a computable general equilibrium model which consists of 7 energy goods (el...

Numerous scenarios of global greenhouse gas emissions have been created, that are difficult to communicate to decision makers. To identify few significantly different and consistent scenarios is time consuming, requires deep understanding of the underlying driving forces, and may depend on the individual perspective of the scenario analyst. Developed from an expert based scenario technique a ne...

In September, 2007, the IPCC convened a workshop to discuss how a new set of scenarios to support climate model runs, mitigation analyses, and impact, adaptation and vulnerability research might be developed. The first phase of the suggested new approach is now approaching completion. This article discusses some of the issues raised by scenario relevant research and analysis since the last set ...

We explain why correlation crises may occur in insurance and finance. These phenomena are not taken into account in Solvency II standard formula. We show the importance of taking them into account in internal models or partial internal models. Given the variety of scenarios that could lead to correlation crises and their different potential impacts, we support the idea that ORSA (Own Risk and S...

Emission metrics aggregate climate impacts of greenhouse gases to common units such as CO2-equivalents (CO2-eq.). Examples include the global warming potential (GWP), the global temperature change potential (GTP) and the absolute sustained emission temperature (aSET). Despite the importance of biomass as a primary energy supplier in existing and future scenarios, emission metrics for CO2 from f...

In 2010, the ASCI provided recommendations for cardiac CT and MRI. This document reflects an updating of the prior 2010 ASCI appropriate use criteria (AUC). In 2016, the ASCI formed a new working group for revision of AUC on noninvasive cardiac imaging. A major change that we made in this document is the rating of various noninvasive tests (exercise electrocardiogram, echocardiography, positron...

a palatal defect may result from surgical resection, and its consequences could include difficulty in speech and nasal regurgitation of food and liquids. an obturator combined to speech aid prosthesis can improve nasal emission during speech,  and  assist  in  preventing  nasal  regurgitation  of  food.  this  article presents a clinical report of the reconstruction of palatopharyngeal function...

The importance of energy crisis and global warming necessitates presenting strategies in order to decrease the amount of emissions as well as fuel consumption in large and complex industries such as refineries and petrochemical industries. Generally, refinery steam networks are regarded as units which consume fuel enormously. In this paper, the steam network of Tehran Oil Refinery is considered...

Several types of regulations limit the amount of different emissions that a firm may create from its production processes. Depending on the emission, these regulations could include threshold values, penalties and taxes, and/or emission allowances that can be traded. However, many firms try to comply with these regulations without a systematic plan, often leading not only to emission violations...