Approximately 3000 million ha of the world’s forests have been classified as productive, and are subject to some kind of management. Considering their environmental and social importance, the managed forest ecosystems are not receiving as much scientific attention as the few remaining unmanaged ones. This is especially true in the growing urban landscapes where managed forest ecosystem provide ...

body linguistic in general and cohesion in particular have been seriously explored by many linguists since the middle of 20th century so that in fact it was considered as the essential basis for discourse analysis at next years. by looking at the subjects that were purposed in this new branch of linguistics and comparing it with linguistic researches among muslims, we may encounter some evidenc...

The harmonious melding of structure and function – biological design – is a striking feature of complex living systems such as tissues, organs, organisms, or superorganismal assemblages like social insect colonies or ecosystems. How designed systems come into being remains a central problem in evolutionary biology: adaptation, for example, cannot be fully explained without understanding it. Cur...