the three practical steps that are need to be taken by government agencies in order to increase irrigation efficiency include economic motivation for optimization of water use, modification of existing irrigation systems in the short term and modernization of traditional methods in the long-term plan. the present research aims at identifying farmers' knowledge regarding irrigation and water iss...

Classically defined infectious disease epidemiology is being upended by the replacement of low-resolution phenotypic and molecular technologies with highresolution whole-genome shotgun sequencing of pathogens. The evolution of molecular epidemiology has been under way for 10 years, but the speed of the transition has recently quickened. Previously unrecognized pathogen reservoirs and modes of t...