decreasing water loss and increasing the irrigation times are basic methods to develop agriculture, success in natural recourse projects, minimize the stress to planted bushes in natural fields and increase the productivity of soil and water sources. the use of super absorbent is one of these strategies to achieve these goals. the main purpose of this research was to study the effect of super a...

Expected recourse functions in linear two-stage stochastic programs with mixed-integer second stage are approximated by estimating the underlying probability distribution via empirical measures. Under mild conditions, almost sure uniform convergence of the empirical means to the original expected recourse function is established.

In the area of dynamic matching algorithms, the number of changes to the matching per update step, also known as the recourse bound, is an important measure of quality, Nevertheless, the worstcase recourse bounds of almost all known dynamic approximate matching algorithms are prohibitively large, significantly larger than the corresponding update times. In this paper we fill in this gap via a s...

We investigate sample average approximation (SAA) for two-stage stochastic programs without relatively complete recourse, i.e., problems in which there are first-stage feasible solutions that not guaranteed to have a recourse action. As feasibility measure of the SAA solution, we consider "recourse likelihood", is probability solution has For $\epsilon \in (0,1)$, demonstrate likelihood below $...