In many applications of remote sensing data land-water masks play an important role. In this context they can be a helpful orientation to distinguish dark areas (e.g. cloud shadows, topographic shadows, burned areas, coniferous forests) and water areas. However, water bodies cannot always be classified exactly on basis of available remote sensing data. This fact can be caused by a variety of di...

OBJECTIVE To detect the species of larval trematodes (cercariae) in Melanopsis praemorsa snails from 5 different fresh water bodies in Palestine. METHODS A total of 1 880 Melanopsis praemorsa snails were collected from different fresh water bodies in Palestine from October, 2008 to November, 2010. Cercariae in Melanopsis praemorsa snails were obtained by lighting and crushing methods. The beh...

The effect of water deprivation on the expression of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) was examined in the rat subfornical organ (SFO), using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the euhydrated condition, PACAP-immunoreactivity (PACAP-IR) and the expression of PACAP gene was observed in the SFO. Water deprivation for 24 h an...

The mechanism that causes an interdecadal oscillation in a coarse resolution sector ocean model forced by mixed boundary conditions is studied. The oscillation is characterized by large fluctuations in convective activity and air/sea heat exchange on a decadal time scale. When the convective activity is large, a strengthening of the southeastward surface flow advects more relatively fresh water...

The concentration of dispersed oil and grease (OG) is an important parameter for water quality and safety. OG in water can cause surface films and shoreline deposits leading to environmental degradation, and can induce human health risks when discharged in surface or ground waters. Additionally, OG may interfere with aerobic and anaerobic biological processes and lead to decreased wastewater tr...