PURPOSE To determine whether mild cooling of the egg reduces movement to the point where an ultra-high-field (7T) MRI system can be used to noninvasively monitor chick growth in ovo from 12 days incubation through to hatching. MATERIALS AND METHODS Group A eggs were incubated at 37.5 degrees C for 21 days. Group B eggs were removed from the incubator on days 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, and 20 of incu...

The duration of embryonic development (e.g., egg incubation period) is a critical life-history variable because it affects both the amount of time that an embryo is exposed to conditions within the nest and the seasonal timing of hatching. Variation in incubation periods among oviparous reptiles might result from variation in either the amount of embryogenesis completed before laying or the sub...

Avian brood parasites, including cuckoos and cowbirds, have multiple negative effects on their hosts. We analysed the effects of Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitism on different components (e.g. egg losses, hatching success, chick survival and nest abandonment) of House Wren Troglodytes aedon reproductive success. We also conducted an experiment to discriminate between two mechanisms...

There are little information about growth properties of low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) at different incubation temperatures. Knowledge of this information increases the quantity and quality of antigen in vaccine production process. For this purpose, 10-5 dilution of AIV (A/Chicken/Iran/99/H9N2) was inoculated (Intra-allantoic) into ...

Although there is not a lot published about the administration of acute thrombolysis for stroke in Pakistan , studies show that despite the widespread absence of acute ambulance services and education, stroke is recognized early and about a quarter of the patients in urban areas present within the time window and are eligible for rt-PA. Additionally, the published studies show that our symptoma...

Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) are measured routinely in the study of nutrition and growth physiology. To improve the efficiency with which this variable is measured, a two-reaction, enzymatic-based assay was adapted and validated to quantify NEFA in bovine blood plasma using 96-well microtiter plates. The effects of incubation time, temperature, and of sample volume were examined in addition...