Markov networks and Bayesian networks are effective graphic representations of the dependencies embedded in probabilistic models. It is well known that independencies captured by Markov networks (called graph-isomorphs) have a finite axiomatic characterization. This paper, however, shows that independencies captured by Bayesian networks (called causal models) have no axiomatization by using eve...

Mixed connective tissue disease deserves to be a distinct disease entity due to the persistent citation of this disease in the literature since the original description by Sharp in 1972, in spite of the presence of several criticisms against the independency of this disease. The characteristic features of mixed connective tissue disease are: 1) the presence of anti-U1snRNP antibody with high ti...

The finite element approximation of optimal control problems for semilinear elliptic partial differential equation is considered, where the control belongs to a finite-dimensional set and state constraints are given in finitely many points of the domain. Under the standard linear independency condition on the active gradients and a strong second-order sufficient optimality condition, optimal er...

This paper considers the work entitled "Fuzzy control systems design via fuzzy Lyapunov functions" and published in IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics-Part B , where the authors try to extend the work of Rhee and Won. Nevertheless, the results proposed by Li have been obtained without taking into account a necessary path independency condition to ensure the line integral functio...

Skeletons are region based shape descriptors that play important role in shape representation. This paper introduces a novel sequential thinning approach for n-dimensional binary objects (n = 1, 2, 3, . . .). Its main strength lies in its order–independency, i.e., it can produce the same skeletons for any visiting orders of border points. Furthermore, this is the first scheme in this field that...

background: the objective of this study was to determine the heart rate and oxygen consumption of the elderly whilst frying. methodology: in 2010, a total of 31 subjects (11 males and 20 females) from sg. merab, selangor were participated in this study. they were aged between 60 to 83 years with a mean age of 67.06 years. they were asked to perform five minutes frying task and data were measure...