This paper presents two views of stepwise enhancement, one a pragmatic syntax-based approach and the other a semantic approach based on higher-order functions and relating to shape and polytypism. The approaches are outlined, and the perhaps surprisingly close relationship between the two described. By combining the advantages of both approaches, it is shown how more code in both functional and...

PURPOSE To evaluate the quality of vision and depth of focus induced by controlled amounts of negative spherical aberration in patients implanted bilaterally with light-adjustable intraocular lenses. DESIGN Prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial. METHODS Seventeen patients were implanted and treated with appropriate spatial irradiance light profiles. One eye was set for emmetropia, and t...

Purpose The human eye has typically more optical aberrations than conventional artificial optical systems. While the lower order modes (defocus and astigmatism) are well studied, our purpose is to explore the influence of genes versus the environment on the higher order aberrations of the optical components of the eye. Methods We have performed a classical twin study in a sample from the Regi...

PURPOSE To determine the amplitude of pseudoaccommodation and higher-order aberrations with three types of implanted monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs): aspheric yellow (IQ); spheric yellow (NT); and spheric clear (AT). SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan. METHODS We studied 60 patients who underwent small incision phacoemulsification with the implanta...

PURPOSE To assess the performance and optical limitations of standard, aspheric, and wavefront-customized intraocular lenses (IOLs) using clinically verified pseudophakic eye models. METHODS White light pseudophakic eye models were constructed from physical measurements performed on 46 individual cataract patients and subsequently verified using the clinically measured contrast sensitivity fu...

This paper reviews the optics of higher-order and spherical aberrations and discusses aspheric intraocular lenses, attempting to address 2 questions that, despite an abundance of information, remain unanswered: what amount of ocular spherical aberration has been correlated with optimum visual performance, and for what final amount of spherical aberration should the cataract surgeon aim? Finally...

In the exact propagator for finite temperature gluons the location of the transverse and longitudinal poles in the gluon propagator are unknown functions of wave vector: ωT (k) and ωL(k). The residues of the poles, also unknown, fix the normalization of the one gluon vector potential and thus of the field strength. The naive energy density ~ E · ~ D + ~ B · ~ H is not correct because of dispers...

Current research in therapies for restoring a functional form of sight to the blind includes interfacing electronic neurostimulators with some point of the visual pathway. This approach requires controlling a number of waveform parameters which might vary for every implanted patient and for every channel in an interface that may have hundred or thousands of electrodes. Therefore, the clinical, ...

The two mass model (2MM) as introduced by Ishizaka & Flanagan (1972) and simplified by Steinecke & Herzel (1995) describes many features of the vocal fold oscillation patterns [1,2]. Particularly, it was shown that a large variety of voice disorders may be explained by means of high-speed observations with subsequent interpretation by the 2MM. Laryngeal symmetry was identified as an important p...

By combining weighted distances and distances based on neighbourhood sequences, a new family of distance functions with potentially low rotational dependency is obtained. The basic theory for these distance functions, including functional form of the distance between two points, is presented for the face-centered cubic grid and the body-centered cubic grid. By minimizing an error function, the ...