In the context of external shocks, socio-economic coherence an industrial region reflects its ability to function successfully. Many researchers examine economic space, focusing on interaction between entities (including infrastructure) while ignoring territorial boundaries. However, it is necessary consider a region’s endogenous core, whose historically connected elements generate evolutionary...

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region has witnessed significant growth in the global electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) market, especially industrial field due to high demand from oil gas other related sectors. However, lifespan of these end-of-life (EoL) products become shorter, leading failure generating waste (e-waste). Disposing such recycling centers landfills poses a challenge ...